Eligibility Details:
Inclusion Criteria:
- 19-30 years old (women and men)
- Weigh 133 pounds (60.5kg) or more
- Currently consuming fast food 4 times per week or less
- Categorized in "any" of the following BMI ranges:
1. BMI: 18.5-25 kg/m², for the group of healthy subjects with optimal body weight
2. BMI: 26-35 kg/m², for the group of overweight/obese subjects
- Willing to consume a healthy diet (i.e. low saturated fat, low refined carbohydrate,
high fruit and vegetable, high fiber) for 4 days.
- Willing to consume a fast food diet (i.e. high saturated fat, high refined
carbohydrate, low fruit and vegetable, low fiber) for 4 days, including a beef burger
twice a day
- Willing to bring all unfinished food (except beverages) back to Ragle facility in a
plastic Ziploc bag.
- Willing to bring in receipts from fast food purchases
Exclusion Criteria:
- Smoker
- Anemia
- Food allergies
- Intolerance to dairy or gluten
- Pregnant or lactating
- Irregular menstrual cycle
- Change in hormonal contraceptive use within the previous 3 months
- Documented chronic diseases including diabetes, thyroid disease, metabolic syndrome,
cancer (active), or previous cardiovascular events
- Current consumption more than 1 alcoholic drink/day
- Current consumption of fast food more than 4 times per week
- Fish consumption greater than or equal to 3 times per week
- Extreme dietary or exercise patterns
- Recent weight fluctuations (greater than 10% in the last six months)
- Taking prescription lipid medications (e.g. statins) or other supplements known to
alter lipoprotein metabolism such as isoflavones.
- Visit 1 baseline glucose: >100 mg/dL
- Regular use (> 1 time per week) of allergy or pain medications