Eligibility Details:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Healthy pregnant women
- Less than 28 weeks of gestation (3rd trimester)
- ≥18 to <40 years old
- Singleton gestation
- Availability and willingness to come in for morning visits
- Planning to breastfeed
- Willing to complete questionnaires, records, and diaries associated with the study and
to complete all clinical visits
- Willing to discontinue consumption of fermented foods (e.g. foods that contain
probiotics such as Kefir, pickles, etc.) or probiotics (e.g. yogurts with live active
cultures or probiotic supplements)
- Able to provide informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Known gestational diabetes or diabetes type 1 or 2
- Known blood/bleeding disorders
- Known liver and kidney disorders
- Known unstable cardiovascular diseases
- Women with a personal history of or currently diagnosed with preeclampsia
- Suffering from neurological diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease,
epilepsy, etc.)
- Suffering from gastrointestinal diseases (e.g. gastric ulcers, Crohn's disease,
ulcerative colitis, etc.)
- Current symptoms of depression or experienced depressive symptoms in the past 2 years
- Maternal history of second trimester loss
- Women diagnosed HIV Positive or with Hepatitis B or C
- Known fetal abnormality
- Daily use of probiotic product within 2 weeks of the screening visit. The potential
participant could be eligible to participate after a 2-week wash-out period
- Use of any antibiotic drug within 1 month of screening. The potential participant
could be eligible to participate after a 2-week wash-out period
- Smoking, alcohol consumption or drug use during pregnancy
- History of alcohol or substance abuse six months prior to screening
- Allergies to milk, soy, or yeast